|
The refers to the various elements of the United States Armed Forces that are stationed in Japan. Under the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan, the United States is obliged to protect Japan in close cooperation with the Japan Self-Defense Forces for maritime defense, ballistic missile defense, domestic air control, communications security (COMSEC) and disaster response operations. ==History== After the Japanese surrender in World War II, the United States Armed Forces assumed administrative authority in Japan. The Japanese Imperial Army and Navy were decommissioned, and the U.S. Armed Forces took control of their military bases until the new government could be formed and positioned to reestablish authority. Allied forces planned to demilitarize Japan, and new government adopted the Constitution of Japan with a no-armed-force clause in 1947. After the Korean War began in 1950, Douglas MacArthur, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers in Japan and the Japanese government established the paramilitary "National Police Reserve," which was later developed into the Japan Self-Defense Forces. In 1951 the Treaty of San Francisco was signed by the allied countries and Japan, which restored its formal sovereignty. At the same time, the U.S. and Japan signed the Japan-America Security Alliance. By this treaty, USFJ is responsible for the defense of Japan. As part of this agreement, the Japanese government requested that the U.S. military bases remain in Japan, and agreed to provide funds and various interests specified in the Status of Forces Agreement. At the expiration of the treaty, the United States and Japan signed the new Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan. The status of the United States Forces Japan was defined in the U.S.-Japan Status of Forces Agreement. This treaty is still in effect, and it forms the basis of Japan's foreign policy. According to academics and experts, the U.S. provision of Japan's defense allowed Japan to focus domestic spending on their own economy, thereby assisting Japan with becoming one of the most powerful countries economically in the world.〔(), Japan Times, 10 Aug 2013〕 In the Vietnam War, the US military bases in Japan, especially those in Okinawa, were used as important strategic and logistic bases. In 1970, Koza riot occurred against the US military presence in Okinawa. The USAF strategic bombers were deployed in the bases in Okinawa, which was still administered by the U.S. government. Before the 1972 reversion of the island to Japanese administration, it has been speculated but never confirmed that up to 1,200 nuclear weapons may have been stored at Kadena Air Base, Okinawa in the 1960s.〔(疑惑が晴れるのはいつか ), Okinawa Times, 16 May 1999〕 , there are approximately 50,000 U.S. military personnel stationed in Japan, along with approximately 40,000 dependents of military personnel and another 5,500 American civilians employed there by the United States Department of Defense. The United States Seventh Fleet is based in Yokosuka. The 3rd Marine Expeditionary Force (III MEF) is based in Okinawa. 130 USAF fighters are stationed in the Misawa Air Base and Kadena Air Base.〔Yoshida, Reiji, "(Basics of the U.S. military presence )", ''Japan Times'', 25 March 2008, p. 3.〕 The Japanese government paid ¥217 billion (US$ 2.0 billion) in 2007〔(思いやり予算８億円減で日米合意、光熱水料を３年間で ), Yomiuri Shinbun, December 12, 2007〕 as annual host-nation support called .〔(PRESS RELEASE ''U.S. and Japan Sign Alliance Support Agreement'' ), The embassy of the United States in Japan〕 The U.S. government employs over 8,000 Master Labor Contract (MLC)/Indirect Hire Agreement (IHA) workers on Okinawa (per the Labor Management Organization) not including Okinawan contract workers. Immediately after the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, 9,720 dependents of United States military and government civilian employees in Japan evacuated the country, mainly to the United States.〔Tritten, Travis J., "(Evacuation from Japan a vacation? Not so much )", ''Stars and Stripes'', 31 May 2011.〕 The relocation of the U.S. Marine Corps Air Station Futenma to Henoko was resolved as of December 2013 with the signing of the landfill agreement by the governor of Okinawa. Under the terms of the new U.S.-Japan agreement 5.000 U.S. Marines will be relocated to Guam and 4.000 U.S. Marines to other Pacific locations such as Hawaii or Australia, while some 10.000 Marines will remain on Okinawa. No timetable for the Marines redeployment has been announced, but the Washington Post reported that U.S. Marines would leave Okinawa as soon as suitable facilities on Guam and elsewhere are ready.〔 The relocation move is expected to cost 8.6 billion US Dollars〔 and includes a $3.1bn cash commitment from Japan for the move to Guam as well as for developing joint training ranges on Guam and on Tinian and Pagan in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.〔 Certain parcels of land on Okinawa which have been leased for use by the American military are being turned back to Japanese control via a long-term phased return process according to the agreement.〔 These returns have been ongoing since 1972. In May 2014, in a strategic shift by the United States to Asia and the Pacific, it was revealed the US was deploying two unarmed Global Hawk long-distance surveillance drones to Japan for surveillance missions over China and North Korea. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「United States Forces Japan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|